api: let Identify return multiple identities (#32949)

api/api.go

@@ -130,9 +130,10 @@ type ChargeRater interface {
 	ChargedEnergy() (float64, error)
 }
 
-// Identifier identifies a vehicle and is implemented by the charger
+// Identifier identifies a vehicle and is implemented by the charger.
+// A charger may know more than one identity, e.g. an RFID tag and a vehicle id.
 type Identifier interface {
-	Identify() (string, error)
+	Identify() ([]string, error)
 }
 
 // Authorizer authorizes a charging session by supplying RFID credentials

api/implement/implementations.go

@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ func (i *iDimmer) Dimmed() (bool, error) {
 	return i.dimmer1()
 }
 
-func Identifier(identifier0 func() (string, error)) api.Identifier {
+func Identifier(identifier0 func() ([]string, error)) api.Identifier {
 	if identifier0 == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -236,10 +236,10 @@ func Identifier(identifier0 func() (string, error)) api.Identifier {
 }
 
 type iIdentifier struct {
-	identifier0 func() (string, error)
+	identifier0 func() ([]string, error)
 }
 
-func (i *iIdentifier) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (i *iIdentifier) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	return i.identifier0()
 }
 

api/mock.go

@@ -396,10 +396,10 @@ func (m *MockIdentifier) EXPECT() *MockIdentifierMockRecorder {
 }
 
 // Identify mocks base method.
-func (m *MockIdentifier) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (m *MockIdentifier) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Identify")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(string)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]string)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }

charger/alpitronic.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/evcc-io/evcc/api"
@@ -367,21 +368,24 @@ func (wb *AlpitronicHYC) TotalEnergy() (float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*AlpitronicHYC)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *AlpitronicHYC) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *AlpitronicHYC) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.inputG()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var res []string
+
+	// the idTag register holds the rfid uid as null-padded ascii string
+	if idTag := hycInput(b, hycRegIdTag, 20); !allZero(idTag) {
+		res = append(res, strings.ToLower(strings.TrimRight(string(idTag), "\x00")))
 	}
 
 	if vid := hycInput(b, hycRegVID, 8); !allZero(vid) {
-		return hex.EncodeToString(vid), nil
+		res = append(res, hex.EncodeToString(vid))
 	}
 
-	if idTag := hycInput(b, hycRegIdTag, 20); !allZero(idTag) {
-		return hex.EncodeToString(idTag), nil
-	}
-
-	return "", nil
+	return res, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Battery = (*AlpitronicHYC)(nil)

charger/alpitronic_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package charger
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -218,7 +217,7 @@ func TestAlpitronicIdentify(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Empty(t, id)
 
-	// vehicle id takes precedence over the tag
+	// tag before vehicle id
 	regs := hycRegs(1, hycStateCharging)
 	regs[hycReg(1, hycRegVID)+1] = 0xAABB
 	regs[hycReg(1, hycRegVID)+2] = 0xCCDD
@@ -229,9 +228,9 @@ func TestAlpitronicIdentify(t *testing.T) {
 
 	id, err = wb.Identify()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, "0000aabbccddeeff", id)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"ab", "0000aabbccddeeff"}, id)
 
-	// tag as fallback
+	// tag only
 	regs = hycRegs(1, hycStateCharging)
 	regs[hycReg(1, hycRegIdTag)] = 0x4142
 
@@ -239,7 +238,17 @@ func TestAlpitronicIdentify(t *testing.T) {
 
 	id, err = wb.Identify()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, "4142"+strings.Repeat("0", 36), id)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"ab"}, id)
+
+	// vehicle id only
+	regs = hycRegs(1, hycStateCharging)
+	regs[hycReg(1, hycRegVID)+3] = 0xEEFF
+
+	wb, _ = hycTestCharger(t, 1, regs)
+
+	id, err = wb.Identify()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"000000000000eeff"}, id)
 }
 
 func TestAlpitronicEnable(t *testing.T) {

charger/amperfied.go

@@ -299,13 +299,13 @@ func (wb *Amperfied) Voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*Amperfied)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *Amperfied) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Amperfied) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadInputRegisters(ampRegRfidUID, 6)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return hex.EncodeToString(b), nil
+	return []string{hex.EncodeToString(b)}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*Amperfied)(nil)

charger/bender.go

@@ -504,24 +504,33 @@ func (wb *BenderCC) getPhases() (int, error) {
 }
 
 // identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *BenderCC) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *BenderCC) identify() ([]string, error) {
+	var ids []string
+
 	if !wb.legacy && !wb.mennekes4 {
 		b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(bendRegSmartVehicleDetected, 1)
 		if err == nil && binary.BigEndian.Uint16(b) != 0 {
 			b, err = wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(bendRegEVCCID, 6)
 		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 
-		if id := bytesAsString(b); id != "" || err != nil {
-			return id, err
+		if id := bytesAsString(b); id != "" {
+			ids = append(ids, id)
 		}
 	}
 
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(bendRegUserID, 10)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return bytesAsString(b), nil
+	if id := bytesAsString(b); id != "" {
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+	}
+
+	return ids, nil
 }
 
 // soc implements the api.Battery interface

charger/cfos.go

@@ -242,11 +242,11 @@ func (wb *CfosPowerBrain) WakeUp() error {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*CfosPowerBrain)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *CfosPowerBrain) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *CfosPowerBrain) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(cfosRegLastRfid, 15)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return bytesAsString(b), nil
+	return []string{bytesAsString(b)}, nil
 }

charger/charger.go

@@ -118,7 +118,12 @@ func NewConfigurableFromConfig(ctx context.Context, other map[string]any) (api.C
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("identify: %w", err)
 	}
-	implement.May(c, implement.Identifier(identify))
+	if identify != nil {
+		implement.Has(c, implement.Identifier(func() ([]string, error) {
+			id, err := identify()
+			return []string{id}, err
+		}))
+	}
 
 	// decorate wakeup
 	if cc.Wakeup != nil {

charger/compleo.go

@@ -289,13 +289,13 @@ func (wb *Compleo) ChargeDuration() (time.Duration, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*Compleo)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *Compleo) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Compleo) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadInputRegisters(compleoRegIdTag+wb.offset, 10)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return bytesAsString(b), nil
+	return []string{bytesAsString(b)}, nil
 }
 
 var _ loadpoint.Controller = (*Compleo)(nil)

charger/dadapower.go

@@ -291,13 +291,13 @@ func (wb *Dadapower) Phases1p3p(phases int) error {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*Dadapower)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *Dadapower) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Dadapower) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	u, err := wb.conn.ReadInputRegisters(dadapowerRegIdentification+wb.regOffset, 20)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return bytesAsString(u), nil
+	return []string{bytesAsString(u)}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*Dadapower)(nil)

charger/daheimladen.go

@@ -318,12 +318,14 @@ func (wb *DaheimLaden) Voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*DaheimLaden)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface. Only usable with PRO
-func (wb *DaheimLaden) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *DaheimLaden) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(dlRegCardId, 16)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return utf16BEBytesAsString(b)
+
+	id, err := utf16BEBytesAsString(b)
+	return []string{id}, err
 }
 
 // phases1p3p implements the api.PhaseSwitcher interface

charger/delta.go

@@ -354,13 +354,13 @@ func (wb *Delta) CurrentPower() (float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*Delta)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *Delta) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Delta) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadInputRegisters(wb.base+deltaRegEvseRfidUID, 20)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return bytesAsString(b), nil
+	return []string{bytesAsString(b)}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*Delta)(nil)

charger/e3dc.go

@@ -748,16 +748,17 @@ var _ api.Identifier = (*E3dc)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
 // Returns the RFID tag ID from WB_SESSION_AUTH_DATA if a session is active
-func (wb *E3dc) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *E3dc) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	wb.mu.Lock()
 	defer wb.mu.Unlock()
 
 	msg, found, err := wb.sessionMessage(rscp.WB_SESSION_AUTH_DATA)
 	if err != nil || !found {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return rscpString(msg)
+	id, err := rscpString(msg)
+	return []string{id}, err
 }
 
 var _ api.PhaseSwitcher = (*E3dc)(nil)

charger/easee.go

@@ -850,11 +850,11 @@ func (c *Easee) StatusReason() (api.Reason, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*Easee)(nil)
 
 // Currents implements the api.PhaseCurrents interface
-func (c *Easee) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (c *Easee) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	c.mux.Lock()
 	defer c.mux.Unlock()
 
-	return c.rfid, nil
+	return []string{c.rfid}, nil
 }
 
 // Set smart charging status to update the chargers led (smart=blue, fast=white)

charger/eebus-evse.go

@@ -520,19 +520,26 @@ func (c *EEBus) currents() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*EEBus)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (c *EEBus) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (c *EEBus) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	evEntity, ok := c.isEvConnected()
 	if !ok {
-		return "", nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
-	if identification, err := c.cem.EvCC.Identifications(evEntity); err == nil && len(identification) > 0 {
-		// return the first identification for now
-		// later this could be multiple, e.g. MAC Address and PCID
-		return identification[0].Value, nil
+	identification, err := c.cem.EvCC.Identifications(evEntity)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
-	return "", nil
+	// may be multiple, e.g. MAC address and PCID
+	var res []string
+	for _, i := range identification {
+		if i.Value != "" {
+			res = append(res, i.Value)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return res, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Battery = (*EEBus)(nil)

charger/enovates.go

@@ -233,13 +233,13 @@ func (wb *Enovates) Voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*Enovates)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *Enovates) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Enovates) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(enovatesRegToken, 16)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return trimModbusString(b), nil
+	return []string{trimModbusString(b)}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*Enovates)(nil)

charger/evecube.go

@@ -378,11 +378,11 @@ func (wb *EVECUBE) phases1p3p(phases int) error {
 }
 
 // identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *EVECUBE) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *EVECUBE) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	status, err := wb.getAutomationStatus()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return status.AuthTag.Tag, nil
+	return []string{status.AuthTag.Tag}, nil
 }

charger/evsewifi.go

@@ -229,14 +229,14 @@ func (wb *EVSEWifi) voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 }
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *EVSEWifi) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *EVSEWifi) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	params, err := wb.paramG.Get()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// we can rely on RFIDUID != nil here since identify() is only exposed if the EVSE API supports that property
-	return *params.RFIDUID, nil
+	return []string{*params.RFIDUID}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Resurrector = (*EVSEWifi)(nil)

charger/foxess-evc.go

@@ -599,17 +599,17 @@ func (wb *FoxESSEVC) Voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*FoxESSEVC)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *FoxESSEVC) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *FoxESSEVC) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	id, err := wb.readUint32(foxRegRFID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	if id == 0 {
-		return "", nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%08X", id), nil
+	return []string{fmt.Sprintf("%08X", id)}, nil
 }
 
 // phases1p3p implements the api.PhaseSwitcher interface

charger/fronius-wattpilot.go

@@ -135,8 +135,9 @@ func (c *Wattpilot) Voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*Wattpilot)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (c *Wattpilot) Identify() (string, error) {
-	return c.api.GetRFID()
+func (c *Wattpilot) Identify() ([]string, error) {
+	id, err := c.api.GetRFID()
+	return []string{id}, err
 }
 
 var _ api.PhaseSwitcher = (*Wattpilot)(nil)

charger/ghosteebus.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/enbility/spine-go/model"
 	"github.com/evcc-io/evcc/api"
@@ -112,14 +113,22 @@ func NewGhostEEBus(ctx context.Context, ski, ip, user, password string, hasMeter
 
 var _ api.Identifier = (*GhostEEBus)(nil)
 
-// Identify implements api.Identifier, preferring RFID over EEBUS identification
-func (wb *GhostEEBus) Identify() (string, error) {
+// Identify implements api.Identifier, reporting RFID before EEBUS identification
+func (wb *GhostEEBus) Identify() ([]string, error) {
+	var res []string
+
 	if wb.hasRFID {
-		if id, err := wb.identify(); err == nil && id != "" {
-			return id, nil
+		if ids, err := wb.identify(); err == nil {
+			res = append(res, ids...)
 		}
 	}
-	return wb.EEBus.Identify()
+
+	ids, err := wb.EEBus.Identify()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return slices.DeleteFunc(append(res, ids...), func(id string) bool { return id == "" }), nil
 }
 
 // getJSONCtx executes a context-aware GET request and decodes the JSON response.
@@ -215,8 +224,8 @@ func (wb *GhostEEBus) getPhases() (int, error) {
 }
 
 // identify implements RFID identification via REST API.
-func (wb *GhostEEBus) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *GhostEEBus) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	var res ghostone.RfidCardLastRead
 	err := wb.GetJSON(wb.uri+"/rfid-cards/last-read", &res)
-	return res.UUID, err
+	return []string{res.UUID}, err
 }

charger/ghosteebus_test.go

@@ -332,17 +332,17 @@ func TestGhostEEBus_Identify(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name   string
 		uuid   string
-		wantID string
+		wantID []string
 	}{
 		{
 			name:   "with_uuid",
 			uuid:   "ABC123",
-			wantID: "ABC123",
+			wantID: []string{"ABC123"},
 		},
 		{
 			name:   "empty",
 			uuid:   "",
-			wantID: "",
+			wantID: []string{""},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -378,13 +378,17 @@ func TestGhostEEBus_IdentifyFallback(t *testing.T) {
 
 		id, err := wb.Identify()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "MAC-001", id)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"MAC-001"}, id)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("rfid_returns_id", func(t *testing.T) {
-		wb, _, _ := newTestGhostEEBusWithEEBus(t)
+	t.Run("rfid_and_eebus", func(t *testing.T) {
+		wb, evccMock, evEntity := newTestGhostEEBusWithEEBus(t)
 		wb.hasRFID = true
 
+		// both identities are reported
+		evccMock.EXPECT().EVConnected(evEntity).Return(true)
+		evccMock.EXPECT().Identifications(evEntity).Return([]ucapi.IdentificationItem{{Value: "MAC-001"}}, nil)
+
 		httpmock.ActivateNonDefault(wb.Client)
 		defer httpmock.DeactivateAndReset()
 
@@ -397,7 +401,7 @@ func TestGhostEEBus_IdentifyFallback(t *testing.T) {
 
 		id, err := wb.Identify()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "RFID-42", id)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"RFID-42", "MAC-001"}, id)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("rfid_empty_falls_back_to_eebus", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -421,6 +425,6 @@ func TestGhostEEBus_IdentifyFallback(t *testing.T) {
 
 		id, err := wb.Identify()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "MAC-001", id)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"MAC-001"}, id)
 	})
 }

charger/go-e.go

@@ -199,12 +199,12 @@ func (c *GoE) Voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*GoE)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (c *GoE) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (c *GoE) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	resp, err := c.api.Status()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return resp.Identify(), nil
+	return []string{resp.Identify()}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.MeterEnergy = (*GoE)(nil)

charger/goodwe.go

@@ -270,12 +270,12 @@ func (wb *GoodWe) phases1p3p(phases int) error {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*GoodWe)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements api.Identifier (RFID UID, 14-byte NUL-padded ASCII).
-func (wb *GoodWe) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *GoodWe) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(goodweRegRfid, 7)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return bytesAsString(bytes.Trim(b, "\x00")), nil
+	return []string{bytesAsString(bytes.Trim(b, "\x00"))}, nil
 }
 
 var _ loadpoint.Controller = (*GoodWe)(nil)

charger/hardybarth-ecb1.go

@@ -248,6 +248,6 @@ func (wb *HardyBarth) Voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 // var _ api.Identifier = (*HardyBarth)(nil)
 
 // // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-// func (wb *HardyBarth) Identify() (string, error) {
-// 	return "", api.ErrNotAvailable
+// func (wb *HardyBarth) Identify() ([]string, error) {
+// 	return nil, api.ErrNotAvailable
 // }

charger/hardybarth-salia.go

@@ -279,12 +279,12 @@ func (wb *Salia) currents() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 	return i.L1.Actual / 1e3, i.L2.Actual / 1e3, i.L3.Actual / 1e3, err
 }
 
-func (wb *Salia) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Salia) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	res, err := wb.apiG.Get()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return res.Secc.Port0.RFID.AuthorizationRequest.Key, nil
+	return []string{res.Secc.Port0.RFID.AuthorizationRequest.Key}, nil
 }
 
 func (wb *Salia) getPhases() (int, error) {

charger/kathrein.go

@@ -399,29 +399,29 @@ func (wb *Kathrein) StatusReason() (api.Reason, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*Kathrein)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *Kathrein) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Kathrein) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	s, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(kathreinRegChargingState, 1)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	state := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(s)
 	if state < 3 || state > 6 {
-		return "", nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(kathreinRegRfid, 24)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	rfid := string(bytes.TrimRight(b, "\x00"))
 
 	if strings.HasPrefix(rfid, "RFID:") {
-		return rfid[5:], nil
+		return []string{rfid[5:]}, nil
 	}
 
-	return rfid, nil
+	return []string{rfid}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*Kathrein)(nil)

charger/keba-modbus.go

@@ -358,10 +358,10 @@ func (wb *Keba) currents() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 }
 
 // identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *Keba) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Keba) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(kebaRegRfid, 2)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	id := hex.EncodeToString(b)
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ func (wb *Keba) identify() (string, error) {
 		id = ""
 	}
 
-	return id, nil
+	return []string{id}, nil
 }
 
 // phases1p3p implements the api.PhaseSwitcher interface

charger/keba-udp.go

@@ -305,10 +305,10 @@ func (c *KebaUdp) currents() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*KebaUdp)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (c *KebaUdp) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (c *KebaUdp) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	var kr keba.Report100
 	err := c.roundtrip("report", 100, &kr)
-	return kr.RFIDTag, err
+	return []string{kr.RFIDTag}, err
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*KebaUdp)(nil)

charger/kse.go

@@ -263,13 +263,13 @@ func (wb *KSE) getPhases() (int, error) {
 }
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *KSE) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *KSE) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(kseRegNFCTransactionID, 4)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return bytesAsString(b), nil
+	return []string{bytesAsString(b)}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*KSE)(nil)

charger/ocpp.go

@@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ func (c *OCPP) phases1p3p(phases int) error {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*OCPP)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (c *OCPP) Identify() (string, error) {
-	return c.conn.IdTag(), nil
+func (c *OCPP) Identify() ([]string, error) {
+	return []string{c.conn.IdTag()}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*OCPP)(nil)

charger/ocpp_test.go

@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ func (suite *ocppTestSuite) TestAutoStart() {
 
 		id, err := c1.Identify()
 		suite.Require().NoError(err)
-		suite.Require().Equal(expectedIdTag, id)
+		suite.Require().Equal([]string{expectedIdTag}, id)
 
 		conn1 := c1.Connector()
 		_, err = conn1.TransactionID()

charger/openwb-2.0.go

@@ -227,10 +227,10 @@ func (wb *OpenWB20) WakeUp() error {
 }
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *OpenWB20) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *OpenWB20) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadInputRegisters(wb.base+openwbRegRfid, 10)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return bytesAsString(b), nil
+	return []string{bytesAsString(b)}, nil
 }

charger/openwb-native_linux.go

@@ -202,6 +202,6 @@ func (wb *OpenWbNative) gpioSwitchPhases(phases int) error {
 }
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *OpenWbNative) identify() (string, error) {
-	return wb.rfId.Get(), nil
+func (wb *OpenWbNative) identify() ([]string, error) {
+	return []string{wb.rfId.Get()}, nil
 }

charger/openwb-pro.go

@@ -232,17 +232,21 @@ func (wb *OpenWBPro) Phases1p3p(phases int) error {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*OpenWBPro)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *OpenWBPro) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *OpenWBPro) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	res, err := wb.statusG.Get()
-	if err != nil || res.VehicleID == "--" {
-		return "", err
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if res.VehicleID != "" {
-		return res.VehicleID, nil
+	var ids []string
+	if res.VehicleID != "" && res.VehicleID != "--" {
+		ids = append(ids, res.VehicleID)
+	}
+	if res.RfidTag != "" {
+		ids = append(ids, res.RfidTag)
 	}
 
-	return res.RfidTag, nil
+	return ids, nil
 }
 
 func (wb *OpenWBPro) wakeup() error {

charger/phoenix-charx.go

@@ -267,22 +267,27 @@ func (wb *PhoenixCharx) getPhaseValues(reg uint16) (float64, float64, float64, e
 var _ api.Identifier = (*PhoenixCharx)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *PhoenixCharx) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *PhoenixCharx) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(wb.register(charxRegEvid), 10)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if res := bytesAsString(b); res != "" {
-		return res, nil
+	var ids []string
+	if evid := bytesAsString(b); evid != "" {
+		ids = append(ids, evid)
 	}
 
 	b, err = wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(wb.register(charxRegRfid), 10)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return bytesAsString(b), nil
+	if rfid := bytesAsString(b); rfid != "" {
+		ids = append(ids, rfid)
+	}
+
+	return ids, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*PhoenixCharx)(nil)

charger/phoenix-ev-eth.go

@@ -240,13 +240,13 @@ func (wb *PhoenixEVEth) getPhaseValues(reg uint16) (float64, float64, float64, e
 }
 
 // identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *PhoenixEVEth) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *PhoenixEVEth) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(phxRegCardUID, 16)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return bytesAsString(b), nil
+	return []string{bytesAsString(b)}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*PhoenixEVEth)(nil)

charger/smart-evse.go

@@ -381,13 +381,13 @@ func (wb *SmartEVSE3) statusReason() (api.Reason, error) {
 }
 
 // identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *SmartEVSE3) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *SmartEVSE3) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	res, err := wb.apiG.Get()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return res.Evse.RFIDLastRead, nil
+	return []string{res.Evse.RFIDLastRead}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*SmartEVSE3)(nil)

charger/vestel.go

@@ -319,12 +319,14 @@ func (wb *Vestel) getPhases() (int, error) {
 }
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *Vestel) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Vestel) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadInputRegisters(vestelRegRFID, 15)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return utf16BEBytesAsString(b)
+
+	id, err := utf16BEBytesAsString(b)
+	return []string{id}, err
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*Vestel)(nil)

charger/warp-ws.go

@@ -455,14 +455,20 @@ func (w *WarpWS) voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 	return w.meter.Voltages[0], w.meter.Voltages[1], w.meter.Voltages[2], nil
 }
 
-// identify prefers the vehicle mac read via ISO 15118 over the RFID tag
-func (w *WarpWS) identify() (string, error) {
+// identify reports the vehicle mac read via ISO 15118 before the RFID tag
+func (w *WarpWS) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	w.mu.RLock()
 	defer w.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	var ids []string
 	if w.evState != nil && w.evState.Mac != "" {
-		return w.evState.Mac, nil
+		ids = append(ids, w.evState.Mac)
 	}
-	return w.chargeTracker.AuthorizationInfo.TagId, nil
+	if tag := w.chargeTracker.AuthorizationInfo.TagId; tag != "" {
+		ids = append(ids, tag)
+	}
+
+	return ids, nil
 }
 
 // soc implements the api.Battery interface

charger/warp2-mqtt.go

@@ -282,10 +282,10 @@ func (wb *Warp2) voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 	return res[0], res[1], res[2], nil
 }
 
-func (wb *Warp2) identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Warp2) identify() ([]string, error) {
 	var res warp.ChargeTrackerCurrentCharge
 	err := wb.chargeG(&res)
-	return res.AuthorizationInfo.TagId, err
+	return []string{res.AuthorizationInfo.TagId}, err
 }
 
 func (wb *Warp2) emState() (warp.PmState, error) {

charger/webasto-next.go

@@ -242,13 +242,13 @@ func (wb *WebastoNext) Currents() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*WebastoNext)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *WebastoNext) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *WebastoNext) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(tqRegUserID, 10)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return bytesAsString(b), nil
+	return []string{bytesAsString(b)}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.Diagnosis = (*WebastoNext)(nil)

charger/weidmüller.go

@@ -245,12 +245,12 @@ func (wb *Weidmüller) Voltages() (float64, float64, float64, error) {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*Weidmüller)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (wb *Weidmüller) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (wb *Weidmüller) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	b, err := wb.conn.ReadHoldingRegisters(wmRegCardId, 11)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return bytesAsString(b), nil
+	return []string{bytesAsString(b)}, nil
 }
 
 var _ api.PhaseSwitcher = (*Weidmüller)(nil)

charger/zaptec.go

@@ -444,17 +444,17 @@ func (c *Zaptec) switchPhases(phases int) error {
 var _ api.Identifier = (*Zaptec)(nil)
 
 // Identify implements the api.Identifier interface
-func (c *Zaptec) Identify() (string, error) {
+func (c *Zaptec) Identify() ([]string, error) {
 	res, err := c.statusG.Get()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	if id := res.ObservationByID(zaptec.ChargerCurrentUserUuid); id != nil {
-		return id.ValueAsString, nil
+		return []string{id.ValueAsString}, nil
 	}
 
-	return "", nil
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
 func (c *Zaptec) installation() (zaptec.Installation, error) {

cmd/dumper.go

@@ -313,7 +313,8 @@ func (d *dumper) Dump(name string, v any) {
 
 	if v, ok := api.Cap[api.Identifier](v); ok {
 		d.measureTime(w, "Identifier", func() (string, error) {
-			id, err := v.Identify()
+			ids, err := v.Identify()
+			id := strings.Join(ids, ", ")
 			if err == nil && id == "" {
 				id = "<none>"
 			}

cmd/implement/implement.go

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ type typeStruct struct {
 
 func getTypeImport(t reflect.Type) string {
 	n := t.Name()
+	if n == "" {
+		// unnamed type, e.g. []string
+		return t.String()
+	}
 	if p := t.PkgPath(); p != "" {
 		if s := strings.Split(p, "github.com/evcc-io/evcc/"); len(s) == 2 {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", s[1], n)

core/loadpoint_session.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package core
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"slices"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/evcc-io/evcc/api"
@@ -48,8 +49,10 @@ func (lp *Loadpoint) createSession() {
 	}
 
 	if c, ok := api.Cap[api.Identifier](lp.charger); ok {
-		if id, err := c.Identify(); err == nil {
-			lp.session.Identifier = id
+		if ids, err := c.Identify(); err == nil {
+			if idx := slices.IndexFunc(ids, func(id string) bool { return id != "" }); idx >= 0 {
+				lp.session.Identifier = ids[idx]
+			}
 		}
 	}
 

core/loadpoint_vehicle.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package core
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -59,23 +60,36 @@ func (lp *Loadpoint) identifyVehicle() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	id, err := identifier.Identify()
+	ids, err := identifier.Identify()
 	if err != nil {
 		lp.log.ERROR.Println("charger vehicle id:", err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	if lp.vehicleIdentifier == id {
+	ids = slices.DeleteFunc(ids, func(id string) bool { return id == "" })
+
+	// vehicle removed
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		lp.setVehicleIdentifier("")
 		return
 	}
 
-	// vehicle found or removed
+	// identity unchanged
+	if slices.Contains(ids, lp.vehicleIdentifier) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	lp.log.DEBUG.Println("charger vehicle id:", strings.Join(ids, ", "))
+
+	// the charger may report multiple identities, e.g. rfid tag and vehicle id
+	vehicle, id := lp.selectVehicleByID(ids...)
+	if id == "" {
+		id = ids[0]
+	}
+
 	lp.setVehicleIdentifier(id)
 
-	if id != "" {
-		lp.log.DEBUG.Println("charger vehicle id:", id)
-
-		if vehicle := lp.selectVehicleByID(id); vehicle != nil {
+	if vehicle != nil {
 		lp.stopVehicleDetection()
 
 		// already active via a different detection path - avoid reapplying its mode
@@ -84,38 +98,41 @@ func (lp *Loadpoint) identifyVehicle() {
 		}
 	}
 }
-}
 
-// selectVehicleByID selects the vehicle with the given ID
-func (lp *Loadpoint) selectVehicleByID(id string) api.Vehicle {
+// selectVehicleByID selects the vehicle matching any of the given IDs and returns the matching ID
+func (lp *Loadpoint) selectVehicleByID(ids ...string) (api.Vehicle, string) {
 	vehicles := lp.coordinatedVehicles()
 
 	// find exact match
+	for _, id := range ids {
 		for _, vehicle := range vehicles {
-		for _, vid := range vehicle.Identifiers() {
-			if strings.EqualFold(id, vid) {
-				return vehicle
+			if slices.ContainsFunc(vehicle.Identifiers(), func(vid string) bool {
+				return strings.EqualFold(id, vid)
+			}) {
+				return vehicle, id
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	// find placeholder match
+	for _, id := range ids {
 		for _, vehicle := range vehicles {
-		for _, vid := range vehicle.Identifiers() {
+			if slices.ContainsFunc(vehicle.Identifiers(), func(vid string) bool {
 				// case insensitive match
 				re, err := regexp.Compile("(?i)" + strings.ReplaceAll(vid, "*", ".*?"))
 				if err != nil {
 					lp.log.ERROR.Printf("vehicle id: %v", err)
-				continue
+					return false
 				}
 
-			if re.MatchString(id) {
-				return vehicle
+				return re.MatchString(id)
+			}) {
+				return vehicle, id
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return nil, ""
 }
 
 // setActiveVehicle assigns currently active vehicle, configures soc estimator

core/loadpoint_vehicle_test.go

@@ -201,42 +201,62 @@ func TestVehicleDetectByID(t *testing.T) {
 
 	type testcase struct {
 		string
-		id, i1, i2 string
+		ids     []string
+		i1, i2  string
 		res     api.Vehicle
+		match   string
 		prepare func(testcase)
 	}
 	tc := []testcase{
-		{"1/_/_->0", "1", "", "", nil, func(tc testcase) {
+		{"1/_/_->0", []string{"1"}, "", "", nil, "", func(tc testcase) {
 			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return(nil)
 			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return(nil)
 			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return(nil)
 			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return(nil)
 		}},
-		{"1/1/2->1", "1", "1", "2", v1, func(tc testcase) {
+		{"1/1/2->1", []string{"1"}, "1", "2", v1, "1", func(tc testcase) {
 			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
 		}},
-		{"2/1/2->2", "2", "1", "2", v2, func(tc testcase) {
+		{"2/1/2->2", []string{"2"}, "1", "2", v2, "2", func(tc testcase) {
 			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
 			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
 		}},
-		{"11/1*/2->1", "11", "1*", "2", v1, func(tc testcase) {
+		{"11/1*/2->1", []string{"11"}, "1*", "2", v1, "11", func(tc testcase) {
 			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
 			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
 			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
 			// v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
 		}},
-		{"22/1*/2*->2", "22", "1*", "2*", v2, func(tc testcase) {
+		{"22/1*/2*->2", []string{"22"}, "1*", "2*", v2, "22", func(tc testcase) {
 			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
 			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
 			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
 			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
 		}},
-		{"2/_/*->2", "2", "", "*", v2, func(tc testcase) {
+		{"2/_/*->2", []string{"2"}, "", "*", v2, "2", func(tc testcase) {
 			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return(nil)
 			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
 			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return(nil)
 			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
 		}},
+		// second identity matches, e.g. rfid tag and vehicle id
+		{"x,2/1/2->2", []string{"x", "2"}, "1", "2", v2, "2", func(tc testcase) {
+			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
+			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
+			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
+			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
+		}},
+		// wildcard matches the second identity
+		{"x,22/1/2*->2", []string{"x", "22"}, "1", "2*", v2, "22", func(tc testcase) {
+			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
+			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
+			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
+			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
+			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
+			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
+			v1.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i1})
+			v2.EXPECT().Identifiers().Return([]string{tc.i2})
+		}},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range tc {
@@ -252,9 +272,13 @@ func TestVehicleDetectByID(t *testing.T) {
 			tc.prepare(tc)
 		}
 
-		if res := lp.selectVehicleByID(tc.id); tc.res != res {
+		res, match := lp.selectVehicleByID(tc.ids...)
+		if tc.res != res {
 			t.Errorf("expected %v, got %v", tc.res, res)
 		}
+		if tc.match != match {
+			t.Errorf("expected match %q, got %q", tc.match, match)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -332,7 +356,7 @@ func (c *idCharger) Status() (api.ChargeStatus, error) { return api.StatusB, nil
 func (c *idCharger) Enabled() (bool, error)            { return false, nil }
 func (c *idCharger) Enable(bool) error                 { return nil }
 func (c *idCharger) MaxCurrent(int64) error            { return nil }
-func (c *idCharger) Identify() (string, error)         { return c.id, nil }
+func (c *idCharger) Identify() ([]string, error)       { return []string{c.id}, nil }
 
 // TestReidentifyActiveVehicleKeepsMode is a regression test for #31499:
 // re-identifying the already-active vehicle must not reapply its default mode.

server/http_config_helper.go

@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ func testInstance(ctx context.Context, instance any) map[string]testResult {
 	wg.Go(func() {
 		if dev, ok := api.Cap[api.Identifier](instance); ok {
 			val, err := dev.Identify()
-			makeResult("identifier", val, err)
+			makeResult("identifier", strings.Join(val, ", "), err)
 		}
 	})